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Cake day: June 12th, 2023

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  • Assuming you don’t know anything about Linux desktop or server:

    • Be patient.
    • Linux has Desktop Environments, for short “DE” like GNOME and KDE, whose purpose is to provide a graphical interface and useful utilities.
    • Software on Linux is mostly installed through package managers, so you don’t search the web for an installer, you search the web if you need to figure out what software you want to install (alternativeto.net is a good place to start if you already know a similar software), then you install it through your package manager. Some applications won’t be in your distro’s repository, you may want to try installing a flatpak, on KDE you use Discover for that, on GNOME you use GNOME Software. As a last resort you can use AppImages, those are downloaded from the web, ideally from the developer’s GitHub or whatever.
    • Linux has excellent hardware support but it’s a good idea to do a web search when you’re buying new hardware, especially peripherals; manufacturers often don’t write drivers for Linux, so the community has to pick up the slack, usually it’s no problem, but sometimes it is.
    • Linux users can be very opinionated… Think with your own head, only you truly understand your needs.
    • The terminal can be scary but it’s very useful. Once you’re settled in, try to learn a bit about it.
    • Conditional on the previous point: if you have more than one computer, learning ssh can be very useful to control one from the other, exchange small files, etc.
    • ssh and rsync especially are excellent for transferring files safely and without errors, but they’re encrypted, so they have overhead. File shares on Linux are mostly NFS, which is complicated and not widespread, or Samba (SMB/CIFS), which is Microsoft’s protocol reimplemented, this one is easier and usually integrated in DEs, but it has caveats sometimes, so maybe try to set one up before you need it, it’s not fun to deal with in a hurry.
    • Most DEs have system managers to check resource usage and processes (programs), but most people prefer to use terminal utilities like htop, or more recently, the snazzy btop, they can be installed through your package manager.
    • Linux doesn’t have drive letters, it has a file structure that starts at “/”, different mass storage devices can be mounted in arbitrary locations in this structure. For example your personal files will be under /home/yourusername, this could be the same partition as everything else, or it could be a separate one, or a separate drive. If you have a non-removable drive where you store only let’s say Games, you could very well “mount” it under /home/yourusername/Games. This is very useful in some cases, and something that Windows I think implemented but still doesn’t use. Removable drives are usually mounted by the DE and end up in /var/run/media or whatever.