The point of these lectures is mostly not to teach how to work with Turing machines, it is to understand the theoretical limits of computers. The Turing machine is just a simple to describe and well-studied tool used to explore that.

For example, are there things there that cannot be computed on a computer, no matter for how long it computes? What about if the computer is able to make guesses along the way, can it compute more? Because of this comic, no — it would only be a lot faster.

Arguably, many programmers can do their job even without knowing any of that. But it certainly helps with seeing the big picture.

So far I have had good experience with kopia. But it is definitly less battle-tested than the other alternatives and I do not use it for too critical stuff yet.

Sorry, can’t resist: it would not be 6.5 % of Linux users, it would be 6.5 % overall. That would mean about 54.8 % of Linux users.

Also see pairdrop, it is a snapdrop fork that allows connecting devices on different networks using a numeric code and has other improvements.

By the way, the vim extension for VScode is great, so why not combine both.

From my understanding, files cannot be directly stored only in a timeshift snapshot – they must be first stored on the disk and only then timeshift can make a backup inside the snapshot. But I have never used timeshift myself, maybe I just completely misunderstand how it works.

Give testdisk a go, see for example this tutorial. It is a terminal utility, so it might take some time to get used to it. But no one can guarantee that it will successfully recover anything, the deleted files stay on the disk only as long as they are not overwritten.

Do you have any idea why the files disappeared after reboot? One thing that comes to mind is that they might have been saved in /tmp, in that case I believe recovery would not be possible.

Regarding to which files you should recover, try all of them and see if you have any luck.

Good luck with recovering the files!